ABSTRACT
Resumo: Introdução: As intoxicações por agrotóxicos causam elevada morbimortalidade. A vigilância é necessária da produção até o uso desses produtos. Objetivo: Analisar as intoxicações e os fatores associados à letalidade por agrotóxicos. Método: Trata-se de estudo caso controle baseado nos atendimentos de intoxicação por agrotóxicos realizados em 2017 por centros de informação e assistência toxicológica do Brasil. Pacientes que evoluíram a óbito compuseram o grupo caso, e os sobreviventes, o grupo controle. Calculou-se odds ratio (OR) dos fatores de risco para óbito, com intervalo de confiança (IC) de 95%. Com base no modelo de regressão, desenvolveu-se um modelo preditivo de morte, estratificado por faixa etária, sexo e contexto ocupacional, para investigação do risco dos trabalhadores agropecuários intoxicados por agentes extremamente tóxicos. Resultados: Identificaram-se 3.826 pacientes intoxicados por agrotóxicos, dos quais 146 evoluíram para óbito. Idosos (OR = 4,94; IC95% 2,49 - 9,80), homens (OR = 1,68; IC95% 1,15 - 2,46), trabalhadores do setor agropecuário (OR = 2,20; IC95% 1,15 - 4,24), tentativas de suicídio (OR = 13,27; IC95% 6,48 - 27,19) e exposição a produtos extremamente tóxicos (OR = 2,77; IC95% 1,84 - 4,16) apresentaram mais chances de óbito nas intoxicações por agrotóxicos. Conclusão: Em cada 100 intoxicações por agrotóxicos, quatro evoluíram para óbito. Idosos, homens, trabalho no setor agropecuário, tentativas de suicídio e produtos extremamente tóxicos apresentaram mais chances de óbito.
ABSTRACT: Background: Pesticide poisoning causes high morbidity and mortality. Surveillance is required for post-marketing monitoring of these products. Aim: To assess poisonings and associated factors with lethality by pesticides. Method: This is a case-control study based on the cases of pesticide poisoning assisted in 2017 by Brazilian Poison Control Centers. Patients who died were the cases and the survivors, the control. The odds ratio (OR) of death and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated. From the regression model, a predictive model of death was developed, stratified by age, gender and occupational context to investigate the risk of agricultural workers poisoned by extremely hazardous agents. Results: 3,826 patients poisoned by pesticides were identified, of which 146 died. Older people (OR = 4.94; 95%CI 2.49 - 9.80), males (OR = 1.68; 95%CI 1.15 - 2.46), agricultural workers (OR = 2.20; 95%CI 1.15 - 4.24), suicide attempts (OR = 13.27; 95%CI 6.48 - 27.19) and exposure to extremely hazardous products (OR = 2.77; 95%CI 1.84 - 4.16) odds of death from pesticide poisoning. Conclusion: Out of 100 pesticides poisoning, four died. Elderly, males, working in the agricultural sector, suicide attempts and extremely hazardous products had a higher risk of death.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Young Adult , Pesticides/poisoning , Poisoning/mortality , Suicide, Attempted/statistics & numerical data , Brazil/epidemiology , Case-Control Studies , Logistic Models , Sex Factors , Risk Factors , Occupational Exposure/adverse effects , Occupational Exposure/statistics & numerical data , Age Factors , Sex Distribution , Age Distribution , Agricultural Workers' Diseases/mortality , Farmers/statistics & numerical data , Middle AgedABSTRACT
ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Patient safety culture is part of the organizational profile of healthcare institutions and is associated with better quality of care. OBJECTIVE: To assess patient safety culture in a university hospital. DESIGN AND SETTING: Hospital-based cross-sectional study conducted in a public university hospital in São Paulo, Brazil, between September and December 2015. METHODS: We randomly selected 68 sectors of the hospital, to include up to 5 employees from each sector, regardless of length of experience. We used the validated Brazilian version of the Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture (HSOPS) via an electronic interface. We calculated the percentage of positive responses for each dimension of the HSOPS and explored the differences in age, experience, occupation and educational level of respondents using the chi-square test. RESULTS: Out of 324 invited respondents, 314 (97%) accepted the invitation and were surveyed. The sample presented predominance of women (72%), nursing staff (45%) and employees with less than six years' experience at the hospital (60%). Nine out of the 12 dimensions showed percentages of positive responses below 50%. The worst results related to "nonpunitive response to errors" (16%). A better safety culture was observed among more experienced staff, nurses and employees with a lower educational level. In the previous year, no events were reported by 65% of the participants. CONCLUSIONS: The patient safety culture presented weaknesses and most of professionals had not reported any event in the previous year. A policy for improvement and cyclical assessment is needed to ensure safe care.